That's 12 potential loyalties right there. Imagine trying to subdue 34 million of them, because you have to if you invade Afghanistan. Defeating those people in pitched battles didn't work, ask the British. Massacring them also didn't work, ask the Soviets. The American nation-building strategy isn't coming along either. Did your invading army plan on fighting one billion people? Because that is what is likely to happen invading China. The most populous country in the world now boasts 1.
For the uninitiated or bad at math or both , that means they have almost the entire population of the United States plus a billion. Having written these wargaming posts for a few years now, I know that many will ask me to consider that this doesn't mean China has a skilled or fearsome force of ground troops and that all they've ever tactically perfected on a modern battlefield is human-wave attacks.
While these one billion Chinese people likely don't have a their own arms, it wouldn't take long for the planned central bureaucracy to start handing out weapons to form a unified front against an invader. There's an old US military saying: If it's stupid and it works, it isn't stupid. It may sound like a throwing a few million soldiers at an invader is stupid, but it's quite the human wave and it will likely work.
So even if the numbers of the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir are repeated, and it takes 10 Chinese divisions to repel one Marine Division, the Marines will need to send 25 divisions just to establish a beachhead.
The fun doesn't stop just because the invader made it ashore. China is as massive as the United States, with a diverse climate and diverse geographical features. It's surrounded by extreme weather and oceans on all sides, so invaders will have to be prepared for the impassable Gobi Desert and the jungles of Southeast Asia, not to mention the mountainous, snowy Himalayan regions which will make air support difficult.
If invading troops aren't massacred along the way by bands of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, then they still get to contend with a variety of tropical diseases, along with the diseases that come from overpopulation and pollution.
This is just in fighting a conventional war. The Chinese are the masters of ripping off foreign technology, so an invading army would have to assume that the country they're invading will also have all the technological prowess of the United States — and with its million-plus person manpower assuming they didn't die in a human wave and strong economy, they're ready to grind on for a long time.
This is probably the only entry on the list many readers didn't predict. But on its own, India is a formidable place to invade. To the north and east lay harsh Himalayan mountain passes.
Dry deserts makes up roughly half of India's northwest regions. In the southwest, India is wet and tropical, limiting the best places to land an ocean-born invasion force. That is, if you ever get to land an invasion force on the subcontinent. Part of India's major naval strategy is to flood her territorial waters with enough submarines to sink both enemy warships and enemy landing craft while strangling sea lanes of enemy shipping.
This tactic has been in place for a long time, since before China's foreign policy went from one of "peaceful rise" to "crouching tiger. According to historians of ancient Indian history, civilisation on the subcontinent began around 2, BC. In thes, archaeologists discovered the ruins of two flourishing Bronze Age cities in the Indus Valley, Harappa and Mohenjadaro.
Bronze tools were found there, along with copper, pottery, gold and silver items, showing that the settlements were considerably wealthy. The cities were described as being well-planned, with similar layouts. They gradually settled over northern India, sometimes conquering the existing inhabitants, and sometimes assimilating more peacefully. The Aryan or Vedic civilisation created a new culture. Early Indians were literate and considerably knowledgeable about astronomy and mathematics.
Aryan society seems to have been divided into groups on a socio-economic basis. A 'war chief' was in charge together with a high priest of the polytheistic Aryan religion.
The social groups comprised: priests or Brahmans, nobles and warriors, artisans and merchants, and servants. Between and , the Mongol Empire made several incursions into India. He joined forces with the local armies and successfully managed to keep the Mongolians from gaining more land in India.
However, Genghis Khan regrouped his forces and defeated the sultan before invading several empires in the subcontinent. In , the Mongols captured Kashmir and stationed an administrative governor in the city. Shortly after, the Mongols captured Peshawar and Lahore. The occupation of Delhi destabilized the economy of the city, and the prices of goods rose significantly. The second point was that there were also dynasties like the Cholas which crossed the seas to invade kingdoms in South-East Asia.
The second is supposedly wrong because Wiki Wikipedia? I did a search of Wikipedia and did not find the entry Sikka mentions. And even if the Chola invasions were supposedly to stop piracy, it is still a long list of invasions by one dynasty of India during one century.
I do not think Wikipedia is the last word on anything the deeds of the Cholas are, however, well-known , but I also do not think that a writer or his critic can be selective in citing historical facts and then ask the other to learn history, as Sikka has written saying Daniyal should.
The other criticism made by Daniyal is more difficult to settle.
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