He begins to compose poetry and writes and produces a small play with school friends. It is probably in this year that he visits Dresden for the first time. He later records that his love of music at this age and his longing to be a pianist were almost in the order of a sickness.
In order to perform these works he establishes a school orchestra and takes over its direction. A new piano from the Viennese firm of Streicher is purchased for the Schumann household—in his will of August Schumann leaves this instrument to his youngest son Robert. Works by Mozart and Rossini are also heard, and other pieces are studied in piano scores. This collection, the first of many such home-made anthologies, is a kind of preparation for the writing of a projected tragedy to be entitled Der Geist.
At this time literary activities exceed the musical. Robert is permitted to contribute to some of the many articles for encyclopaedias and yearbooks written by his father. He gathers together a volume of the poetry he has written between and Allerley aus der Feder Roberts an der Mulde and he pens a short autobiography as well as numerous translations from the Greek and Latin classics. He show early signs of his left-of-centre sympathies by founding a secret student organization; he also establishes a literary society at his school which will meet over thirty times.
These relationships arouse passionate feelings, but the friendships remain platonic there is no reciprocation from Liddy. He is eventually disillusioned and disappointed in both girls. The young composer goes on a walking tour encompassing Gera, Jena, Weimar where there is no attempt to visit Goethe , Gotha, Schnepfenthal and the Haydn town of Eisenstadt. He embarks on writing a novel entitled Selene. In May he conceives a passion for the complex and allusion-rich writing of Jean Paul —, the James Joyce of his time , an enthusiasm that will last a lifetime.
By June Robert is already writing autobiographical reminiscences Juniusabende und Julitage in the style of this writer. For a while Robert is in love with three women Nanni, Liddy and Agnes simultaneously. The text is by young Schumann himself.
In August the composer visits Prague and Teplitz where Liddy is taking a cure; the relationship with her, such as it is, comes to a definitive end. He plays a Kalkbrenner Concerto with the orchestra in January. Clara is already a well-known child prodigy. Her superior pianistic abilities make Robert despair. In early June he once again encounters Agnes Carus with whom he has fallen in love.
In June and July Schumann composes the following six songs the exact order is not known. By the beginning of August he receives a critical but encouraging reply. The composer now resolves to work on his piano-playing under the tutelage of Friedrich Wieck — in Leipzig. His notebook entitled Hottentottiana contains aphorisms and literary entries written almost daily. The end of the year finds him accompanying Agnes Carus in songs by Heinrich Marschner and studying piano concertos by Hummel in A minor and Kalkbrenner.
In this year he writes a number of pieces for piano both solo and duet and an unfinished piano concerto as well as chamber music—none of which are published. He practises the piano diligently, sometimes five hours a day, but he finds it very hard to settle down and he neglects his university studies. This turns out to be a year of travel: Frankfurt and a Rhine journey May , Karlsruhe and Baden-Baden June , Switzerland and Italy—including visits to Milan and Venice August to October and thence back to Heidelberg where it had originally been his aim to continue his legal studies.
Papillons Op 2 is begun in this year. He studies composition fitfully with Heinrich Dorn — In May he embarks on a sexual relationship with a working-class girl named Christel we do not know her surname and contracts syphilis from her.
This article, his debut as a critic, appears in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung in December of that year. In October he is unable to continue with his intensive piano studies because of an injury to his right hand. By November he writes that he is at last resigned to not being a concert pianist, on account of his hand, although in the following year he seeks out electrical treatment and homeopathy for this ongoing complaint.
An unfinished G minor symphony is performed in Zwickau at the end of the year. Many years later he discovers that she has had a soft spot for him right from the beginning. He works on two piano sonatas, in F sharp minor Op 11 and G minor Op He suffers from depression and fear of madness, exacerbated by the death of his beloved sister-in-law Rosalie — , followed by the death of his twenty-seven-year-old brother Julius.
He begins to gather a group of friends around him—Stegmayer, Ortlepp, Schunke and others—who become known as the Davidsbund , a group of artists which takes its name from the biblical story of David who slays Goliath: this band of youthful creators is united in their hatred for the ways of the Philistines, a code word for those who espouse the blinkered and cosy Biedermeier values of the time.
This is published twice-weekly and immediately wins a readership. Although weighed down by work with the newspaper, and too busy to compose, he plays Schubert piano duets with friends and is generally happy.
He is much taken up with Ernestine, in a passionate correspondence that has not survived. In September Ernestine visits the town of Asch. This coincidence inspires him to compose Carnaval Op 9. In December the sudden death of his dear friend Ludwig Schunke — is a bitter blow. In January Clara and her father depart for a concert tour of North Germany.
In April they return and it seems that Robert suddenly sees the sixteen-year-old Clara in a new and magical light. He has always admired and liked the gifted child and adolescent, but the vibrant young woman suddenly attracts him deeply. By June and July he is spending a great deal of time with her and his feelings for Ernestine begin to cool. Clara departs on another tour in July leaving the composer with a great deal to think about—he eventually breaks off his engagement with Ernestine in the early autumn.
Clara studies the F sharp minor Sonata from the manuscript and plays it for Mendelssohn when he visits Leipzig and meets Schumann for the first time on 30 August. The younger composer regards Mendelssohn with the deepest reverence. Schumann meets Chopin for the first time, in September. On 13 December Schumann receives the last letter from his mother who dies on 4 February The biggest piano work of the year is the Concert sans orchestre Op A professorial man of the world can show understanding about such things, a prospective father-in-law is less likely to do so.
In January Wieck sends Clara to Dresden for three months in order to separate the couple. He sends Clara a copy of the printed F sharp minor Sonata, dedicated to her. Clara writes back, under duress from her father, sending back all his letters.
Robert is in a state of shock and desperation. He composes the Fantasie in C major Op 17 finished in December but otherwise this is not a year rich in composition: a number of projects—a piano sonata and chamber music—are begun but not finished.
His work as a critic continues apace, and he develops his professional friendships with a wide range of musical figures in Leipzig, including Ferdinand David, Mendelssohn of course, and Sterndale Bennett visiting from London. Chopin will later dedicate his fourth Ballade to Schumann. There is inevitable tension between the would-be lovers: Clara is constantly away on tours and Robert is jealous about the amount of time that Clara is spending with the composer and critic Carl Banck, whom he regards as a rival.
The couple are blissfully happy and actually meet on 9 September for the first time in seventeen months. Ruptures in the correspondence due to the clandestine nature of their relationship as in October of this year are bound to occur and always reduce Schumann to a state of desperation. Vienna plays a large part in the plans and hopes of this year because in March Wieck announces that he would perhaps be willing to countenance a marriage on the condition that Robert and Clara leave Leipzig and live elsewhere.
Robert celebrates his twenty-eighth birthday in June in a peaceful and happy mood. Later in the month he is delighted and moved to hear the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot — for the first time.
He decides he can publish his musical newspaper in Austria, and plans to find accommodation in Vienna for a married couple. Robert and Clara meet secretly, believing that they are soon to be together permanently. Wieck changes his mind in August and is once again virulently opposed to the marriage. As a critic he is able to attend many concerts—there is a famous review of a Liszt recital.
Negotiations with Haslinger concerning the potential publication of the NZfM in Vienna quickly break down. Much that seemed hopeful earlier in the year now seems to have reverted to its former pessimistic position. It will be the middle of August before the couple see each other again. Schumann experiences a spasm of jealousy concerning the musicologist Gustav Schilling who will publish a major musical encyclopaedia whom he believes is in love with Clara.
In March Robert definitively decides that neither he nor his newspaper will fit into Viennese life; by 8 April he is back in Leipzig. There is little enduring that has come from this Viennese excursion apart from Faschingsschwank aus Wien Op 26 and the Drei Romanzen Op Robert initiates this long process on 16 July, something of a Rubicon. In late August the couple are able to see each other again at last. Clara lives in Berlin at this time, and Schumann visits her there whenever he is able.
He makes a long deposition, the first of a series, accusing Schumann of everything from unreliability to drunkenness and the composer refutes these allegations with character references of his own. It is a sordid and protracted business. On 2 October Wieck once more fails to appear before the court. In November Robert suffers nervous exhaustion and a swelling of the left arm. Clara and Robert, as well as Wieck, make a court appearance on 18 December. The verdict of the court is awaited in the New Year.
Robert believes that if he were to have a doctoral degree it would help his case, and this is duly awarded him, honoris causa, by the University of Jena on 24 February.
It may be too early to celebrate, but he clearly feels that victory is in the air. As a result, surely, from the beginning of February there is a veritable outbreak, perhaps the greatest of its kind in the history of song, of new and inspired compositions for voice and piano.
February While Clara is in Hamburg giving concerts in February, and suffering from the greatest nervousness and disquiet, Schumann gives himself over to song composing, not only in assembling the numbers for Myrthen but writing so many other songs that they seem part of an unstoppable flood of creativity—some of them planned to be parts of bigger works or cycles, others offshoots and shavings from the bench, but of a very superior kind.
From 4 September Robert is with Clara in Weimar. The young married couple begin a Marriage Diary where they can write down their feelings and impressions.
They are happily ensconced in an apartment in Leipzig 3, Inselstrasse which will be their home for the following four years. Clara plays a Chopin Piano Concerto in the same concert. May—July Having already written the Phantasie in A minor for piano and orchestra that will later become the first movement of the Piano Concerto Schumann works on a second Symphony in D minor. Lied der Suleika Op.
Lied eines Schmiedes Op. Liedchen von Marie und Papa WoO26 no. Liederkreis Op. Lust der Sturmnacht Op. Mailied Op. Maultreiberlied [lost].
Mein altes Ross Op. Mein Garten Op. Mein Wagen rollet langsam Op. Meine Rose Op. Melancholie Op. Melodie Op. Minnespiel Op. Mit innigem Ausdruck Op. Mit Myrten und Rosen Op. Mond, meiner Seele Liebling Op. Mondnacht Op. Muttertraum Op. Myrthen Op. Nach der Geburt ihres Sohnes Op. Nachschrift Op. Nachtlied Op.
Nicht schnell Op. Nicht schnell und sehr gesangvoll zu spielen Op. Nicht zu rasch Op. Niemand Op. Nun hast du mir den ersten Schmerz getan Op. Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt Op. O Freund, mein Schirm, mein Schutz! O ihr Herren Op. O sel'ge Zeit Op. Paganini Intermezzo : Presto Op. Pantalon et Colombine: Presto Op. Papillons: Prestissimo Op.
Piano Quartet in E flat major Op. Piano Sonata No 1 in F sharp minor Op. Piano Trio No 2 in F major Op. Pierrot: Moderato Op. Promenade: Comodo Op. Provenzalisches Lied Op. Rasch und mit Feuer Op. Reconnaissance: Animato Op. Reich mir die Hand, o Wolke Op. Resignation Op. Reuig, andachtig Op. Romance in A minor Op. Romanze Piuttosto lento Op. Romanzen und Balladen, i Op. Romanzen und Balladen, ii Op.
Romanzen und Balladen, iii Op. Romanzen und Balladen, iv Op. Rose, Meer und Sonne Op. Ruhiges Tempo, mit zartem Ausdruck Op. Scherzo e Intermezzo: Allegrissimo — Lento Op. Schlusslied des Narren Op.
Schmetterling Op. Schnell und spielend Op. Sechs Gedichte und Requiem Op. Sehnsucht WoO no. Sehnsucht Op. Sehnsucht nach der Waldgegend Op. Sehr aufgeregt Op. Sehr innig und nicht zu rasch Op. Sehr langsam Op. Sehr lebhaft Op.
Seit ich ihn gesehen Op. Sieben Lieder von Elisabeth Kulmann Op. So lasst mich scheinen Op. So sangen sie, da dammert's schon Op. So wahr die Sonne scheinet Op. Sonntag Op. Sonntags am Rhein Op.
Sostenuto assai — Allegro ma non troppo Op. Spanische Liebeslieder Op. Spanisches Liederspiel Op. Spinnelied Op. Stille Liebe Op. Stiller Vorwurf Op. Talismane Op. Tanzlied Op. Thema: Andante Op. Theme — Leise, innig WoO Tief im Herzen trag ich Pein Op. Traumes Wirren Op. Trost im Gesang Op. Und wie ein Jahr verronnen ist Op. Und wie sie sangen Op. Ungewisses Licht Op. Unterm Fenster Op. Valse allemande: Molto vivace Op. Valse noble: Un poco maestoso Op.
Variation 6: Allegro molto Op. Variation IV WoO Verratene Liebe Op. Verrufene Stelle Op. Vier Duette Op. Vier Husarenlieder von Nikolaus Lenau Op. Vogel als Prophet Op. Volksliedchen Op. Vom Schlaraffenland Op. Von dem Greis geleitet Op. Vorspiel Op. Waldszenen Op. Wanderlied Op. Wanderung Op. Warnung Op. Warte, warte wilder Schiffmann Op. Was soll ich sagen? Weihnachtslied Op. Weit, weit Op. Wenn ich in deine Augen seh Op. Wer kommt am Sonntagsmorgen Op. Wer machte dich so krank?
Wer sich der Einsamkeit ergibt Op. Widmung Op. Wiegenlied am Lager eines kranken Kindes Op. He was also a writer, right? The son of a bookseller and publisher, Schumann developed a keen interest in literature at a young age.
Along with music, reading and writing would remain a lifelong passion. In , Schumann married virtuoso pianist Clara Wieck after prevailing in a lawsuit against her father, who vehemently opposed the relationship. In addition to being one of the greatest concert pianists in history, Clara was a gifted composer a selection of her works is a part of the Schumann Festival. Did he really write more than songs in one year? In addition to composing symphonies and concertos, Schumann is recognized today as one of the great masters of song.
In alone, he wrote more than of them.
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